Module VIII·Article I·~1 min read

Drivers of Stock Returns

Global Equities (Developed Markets)

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Sources of Return
Long-term stock return consists of three components:
Shiller Formula
Total Return = Dividend Yield + EPS Growth + P/E Expansion

ComponentHistorical Contribution (US)
Dividend Yield~2%
Earnings Growth~5%
Valuation Change~0-2%
Total~7-9%

P/E Ratio
Price / Earnings per share. High P/E = growth expectations or a bubble. Low P/E = undervaluation or problems.

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