Module II·Article III·~3 min read

Articles and Gender of Nouns

Verbs être/avoir and Basic Structures

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Grammatical Gender in French

Every noun in French has a grammatical gender: masculine (masculin) or feminine (féminin). Unlike Russian, there is no neuter gender here. And—the main difficulty—the grammatical gender often does not coincide with the natural gender and cannot be guessed by meaning!

Examples:

  • le bureau [le bureau] — office (masc.) ✓ logical
  • la table [la table] — table (fem.) — why? tradition!
  • le problème — problem (masc.) — although in Russian it's fem.
  • la solution — solution (fem.)
  • le client — client (masc.)
  • la cliente — female client (fem.)

Useful suffixes for determining gender:

Masculine: -age (le garage, le management, le bilan), -ment (le document, le développement), -eur (le directeur, le secteur), -isme, -ist, -al (le capital), -eau (le bureau, le château)

Feminine: -tion/-sion (la solution, la décision, la formation), -ité (la qualité, la société), -ure (la procédure), -ance/-ence (la performance, la référence), -ie (la stratégie, la comptabilité)

Practical tip: Learn the word immediately with the article: not just “bureau,” but “le bureau.”

Articles: Complete System

Definite Articles (the)

GenderArticleExample
Masculine singularlele marché (market)
Feminine singularlala réunion (meeting)
Before vowel/hl'l'investissement, l'hôtel
Plural (both genders)lesles contrats (contracts)

Contraction (contraction):

  • de + le = du: le prix du marché — price of the market
  • de + les = des: les résultats des ventes — sales results
  • à + le = au: aller au bureau — go to the office
  • à + les = aux: parler aux clients — talk to clients

Indefinite Articles (a/an, some)

GenderArticleExample
Masculine singularunun contrat (a/one contract)
Feminine singularuneune offre (some/a proposal)
Plural (both genders)desdes projets (some projects)

Partitive Articles (some/quantity)

FormUsageExample
du (de + le)Uncountable masc.du temps (time)
de laUncountable fem.de la patience (patience)
de l'Before vowelde l'argent (money)
desPluraldes informations

When the Article Is NOT Used

  1. Before profession/nationality with être: Je suis directeur (not “un directeur”)
  2. After negation with de: Je n'ai pas de temps (not “du temps”), Il n'y a pas de problème
  3. Before proper names (no exceptions: le France... no! But: la France — country, le Japon — country)
  4. In enumerations (often): qualité, service, innovation

Business Vocabulary with Articles

WordArticleTranslation
marchélemarket
contratlecontract
projetleproject
budgetlebudget
investissementl' (m)investment
réunionlameeting
sociétélasociety, company
stratégielastrategy
performancelaperformance
accordl' (m)agreement, contract

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