Logic·Course
Logic & Critical Thinking
Formal logic, argumentation and critical thinking: from syllogisms to media analysis
Part of the Antiquity track — finish it for a verifiable diploma →
§ 01 — Orientation
New here?
What you'll be able to do, who this is for, how long it takes, and where to begin.
By the end, you will be able to
- 01Read and build formal arguments.
- 02Spot fallacies and weak reasoning fast.
- 03Think critically about claims and evidence.
- 04Hold your own in a structured debate.
- 05Construct proofs and valid inferences.
Who this is for
How long it takes
- Quick orientationSkim the opening module and the cheatsheet to get the shape of it.~2 h
- Full read-throughRead every article once, in order.~2 h
- Mastery pathRead, take the quizzes, and space out your reviews.~2 weeks
- APA
Stoa. (2026). Logic & Critical Thinking [Online course]. Stoa. https://stoa.school/course/logic
- MLA
Stoa. “Logic & Critical Thinking.” Stoa, 2026, https://stoa.school/course/logic.
- Chicago
Stoa. “Logic & Critical Thinking.” Stoa. Accessed August 31, 2026. https://stoa.school/course/logic.
§ 02 — Curriculum
8 modules.
Each module is a small unit. Most read in sequence — but a determined reader can begin anywhere.
- M IFundamentals of Logical ThinkingConcepts, propositions, inferences, and the structure of an argument3 articles
18 minBegin → - M IIFormal Logic and Argumentation TheoryPropositional logic, quantifiers, and debates3 articles
18 minBegin → - M IIISystems Thinking and Design ThinkingMental models, systems thinking, and creative problem solving3 articles
18 minBegin → - M IVEpistemology and Philosophy of ScienceTheory of knowledge, the scientific method, and the limits of knowledge3 articles
18 minBegin → - M VMathematical Logic: Gödel, Russell, and the Limits of Formal SystemsThe crisis of the foundations of mathematics and the incompleteness theorems3 articles
18 minBegin → - M VIGame Theory and Decision TheoryNash, the prisoner’s dilemma, and rational choice3 articles
18 minBegin → - M VIIStatistics, Probability, and Bayesian ThinkingHow to think about data, uncertainty, and belief updating3 articles
18 minBegin → - M VIIILogic in AI, Algorithms, and Digital ThinkingFormal methods, algorithmic thinking, and the limits of automation3 articles
18 minBegin →
§ 03 — Learning outcomes
4 outcomes.
Understand and apply the principles of deductive and inductive logic
Construct and analyze arguments and identify logical fallacies
Evaluate sources and identify biases and cognitive distortions
Engage in productive dialogue and apply principles of argumentation theory
§ 04 — Practices